Burge specializes in software engineering, design rationale. How to write a design rationale jennifer cederstam. Researching under uncertainty volume 22 issue 4 janet e. Practitioners have been documenting architectures for many years, but researchers have started pointing out problems in software architecture documentation, which in their point of view are hindering true benefits of architecture documentation to reach the industry.
Existing research in software engineering corroborates the importance. Proceedings of 25th annual hawaii international conference on system sciences, 810 january. Kunz and horst rittel, design rationale seeks to provide argumentationbased structure to the political, collaborative process of addressing wicked problems. The course takes a software engineering perspective on building software systems with a significant machine learning or ai component. This paper provides a survey on recent research in the area of design rationale. Sep 12, 2018 most of research considered design rationale as a kind of tool from the scientific and engineering view and ignored humanity factor from the management view. A survey, 25th hawaii international conference on system sciences, 1992, pp. The study of design rationale spans a number of diverse disciplines, touching on concepts from research communities in mechanical design, software engineering. Design rationale capture for process improvement in the globalised. Working notes, aaai92 workshop on design rationale capture and use, san jose, ca, 15 july. These include designers notebooks, design sketches, comments in software code, email messages, and many more. The study of design rationale spans a number of diverse disciplines, touching on concepts from research communities in mechanical design, software engineering, artificial intelligence, civil engineering, computersupported cooperative work, and humanfactors and humancomputer interaction research. Uses of rationale that go beyond presentation support for whatif inferencing.
Hence, bypassing it will result in poor quality systems engineering. Rationale representation tailored to software engineering and maintenance. By integrating the design rationale in the design we have made the rationale less of a separate entity and more of an extension of the design. Building a project memory using semantic design rationale. Business high level languages usage intelligent agents design and construction software engineering methods. In the proposal, a construction project memory process based on the semantic annotation is presented. A survey research method is considered suitable for gathering selfreported quantitative and qualitative data from a. A survey of architecture design rationale journal of systems and. Download rationale management in software engineering pdf ebook.
Moreover, they facilitate the understanding and reevaluation of decisions, which is an important prerequisite for managing change during software development. We expect these experimental techniques will enable us to discover the answers to the questions above. Its primary goal is to support designers by providing a means to record and communicate the argumentation and reasoning behind the design process. Applying software engineering to agent development. The course includes a survey of current programming languages, advanced topics in a specific language, design patterns, code reorganization techniques, specification languages, verification and tools for managing multipleprogrammer software projects.
Technical report a survey of architecture design rationale. Download rationale management in software engineering pdf. Design rationale is the synthesis of the structure that is consistent with the model of an artefact, decisions, alternative approaches, and the reasoning behind it. We survey a number of the major systems developed for the support of design rationale, comparing their features and discussing their differences. Pdf industrial perspective on the usefulness of design.
Rationale management in software engineering handbook of. The results will allow us to develop a design rationale methodology and associated tools to enhance the future use and documentation of design rationale during software design and maintenance. Introduction for the past several years design rationale systems and models of argumentation have been drawing more and more attention by computer and cognitive scientists. Design rationale tools several design rationale tools, such as archium,4 arel,5 pakme,6 addss,7 and knowledge architect8 can be also used to describe rationalerelated information, but they require software practitioners to represent their rationale information with ad.
Understanding the barriers rationale as a byproduct hypermedia support for argumentationbased rationale. Software architecture plays a vital role in software development, and so does software architecture documentation. Shipman, design rationale for software engineering. The study of design rationale spans a number of diverse disciplines. Most of research considered design rationale as a kind of tool from the scientific and engineering view and ignored humanity factor from the management view. They look at the recent history of argumentation methods. Guidance for design rationale capture to support software.
Ambiguous representation of design rationale goals is just one of the many limitations that contributes to the intricacy of design patterns, thereby this research. A design rationale is an explicit documentation of the reasons behind decisions made when. Argument ontology that contains common arguments for making software design decisions. However, most existing research efforts have focused on design rationale, which has been described from multiple perspectives e. Oct 21, 2019 this should be the best part of your design rationale. They look at the recent history of argumentation m. Janet burge, associate professor of computer science, is teaching a service learning course, comp 342 software engineering, this fall. Three studies of design rationale as explanation effective design rationale. Software architecture is concerned with the study of the structure of software, including. Design verification the design rationale can be used to verify if the design decisions and the product itself are the reflection of what the designers and the users actually wanted. This paper begins with a brief survey of the topic.
A new design rationale representation model for rationale. They look at advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches to design rationale with special attention paid to how they can be used in the process software engineering. Software engineering using design rationale by janet e. Models and requirements specifications become transformed into designs and eventually implemented. These include designers notebooks, design sketches, comments in software code, e mail messages, and many more. Rewrite the design problem introduced in the beginning of your design rationale, sum up your design solution, and stress its importance by proving to your reader that your design solution is the design solution to the design problem. Building a project memory using semantic design rationale process. A survey of architecture design rationale sciencedirect. There are several books and articles that provide excellent surveys of rationale approaches applied to hci, engineering design and software engineering. Software engineering using design rationale citeseerx. A rationale focused software architecture documentation. This problems importance comes from difficulties in getting systems supporting design rationale accepted by designers. It discusses how to take an idea and a model developed by a data scientist e.
Sep 23, 2014 janet burge, associate professor of computer science, is teaching a service learning course, comp 342 software engineering, this fall. We look at advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches to design rationale with special attention paid to how they can be used in the process of software engineering. Views and viewpoints in software systems architecture. Other informal representations such as design rationale 19 can capture design decisions that are anchored in a scenariobased expression of a problem. Design rationale means statements of reasoning underlying the design process that explain, derive, and justify design decisions fischer, et. Guidance for design rationale capture to support software evolution mathias schubanz1,andreas pleuss 2,howell jordan,goetz botterweck2 1brandenburg university of technology, cottbus senftenberg, germany, 2lero the irish software engineering research centre, limerick, ireland. Systems to support the capture and use of design rationale are. Rationale management in software engineering, springer. The herbal toolset is one example of how these lessons from software engineering can be applied to help simplify the task of agent development. The management of design rationale dr in engineering design is an important task since dr is often regarded as crucial information in design decision support and design analysis. In engineering surveying, either or both of the above formats may be utilized in the planning, design and construction of works, both on the surface and underground. A design rationale is the explicit listing of decisions made during a design process, and the reasons why those decisions were made. Principles of survey methodology ucla labor center. A decision based design structure, which spans the areas of engineering design, design rationale and decision analysis.
We look at the recent history of argumentation methods. They look at advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches to design. Creating complex software is not a new problem, and the softwareengineering community has developed strong theories and principles about how to solve complex problems with software solutions. Bridging the gap between software architecture rationale. The surveys resulted in several ways to classify design rationale tools. Argumentationbased design rationale international journal. A survey of architecture design rationale antony tang a, muhammad ali babar b, ian gorton b, jun han a a faculty of ict, swinburne university of technology, john street, hawthorn, melbourne, vic.
A project memory concerns the representation and the identification of the experience acquired during projects realization. This paper reports a survey of practitioners to probe their perception of the value of design rationale and how they use and document the background knowledge related to their design decisions. A framework for supporting architecture knowledge and rationale management. Thirty years ago, i first entered the dark realm of software engineering, through a prior interest. Making it easy for designers to provide design rationale. We provide an introduction to what design rationale is and why it is important in software engineering. Yet, practicing architects need views to manage the inherent complexity of the large, softwareintensive systems they specify and build. A survey of architecture design rationale article pdf available in journal of systems and software 7912.
Mar 12, 2020 rationale management in software engineering by dutoit, allen h. Design rationale for software maintenance computer science. The chapters in this amount current how design rationale might be included into the center of the software enchancment course of into requirements engineering, software construction, and code design. The existing dr systems largely rely on human efforts in capturing drs along design activities according to. Antony tang, muhammad ali babar, ian gorton, jun han. Early work emphasizing the importance of design rationale in software design can be found in parnas and clements, 1985, potts and burns, 1988. Using rationale to assist in software development and maintenance verifying consistency and completeness of the rationale. Design rationale and the software development process9. Rationale research in software development is a challenging area because while there is no shortage of advocates for its value, there is also no shortage of reasons for why rationale is unlikely to be captured in practice. There has also been work done in software design, surveyed by. This should be the best part of your design rationale. They survey a number of the major systems developed for the support of design rationale, comparing their features and discussing their differences. Frymoyer professor of information sciences and knowhow, penn state school, usa, acm chi lifetime achievement award.
Industrial perspective on the usefulness of design rationale. In the earliest approaches, the multiple views of a model were based upon. At a later stage, surveying techniques are used in the dimensional control or setting out of the designed constructional elements and also in the monitoring of deformation movements. From the perspective of knowledge management, we provide an introduction to the definition, acquisition, representation, integration, application of design rationale in this paper. While there are several approaches for dealing with rationale knowledge, the systematic integration of rationale into software engineering processes and tools has yet to happen. Several science areas are involved in the study of design rationales, such as computer science cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and. Guidance for design rationale capture to support software evolution mathias schubanz1,andreas pleuss 2,howell jordan,goetz botterweck2 1brandenburg university of technology, cottbus senftenberg, germany, 2lero the irish software engineering research centre, limerick, ireland, m. Since then, the software engineering community has experimented with several dr approaches such as issue based information systems ibis 11, questions, options, and. The authors provide an introduction to design rationale and why it is important in software engineering. A design rationale dr is a representation of the reasoning behind the design of an artifact. In recent years, the use of semiformal notations for structuring arguments about design decisions has attracted much interest within the humancomputer interaction and software engineering communities, leading to a number of dr notations and support environments.
By providing for the design rationale to be in the design as well as for the use of textual annotations for the initial addition of rationale we attempt to reduce the costs involved for the designer in using our system. Early work emphasizing the importance of design rationale in software design can be found in 9, 10. Design rationale approaches in software engineering. Pattern detection and design rationale traceability. The main feature of this approach is that the semantic annotation is used to build a continuous semantic design rationale process. The study of design rationale spans a number of diverse disciplines, touching on concepts from research communities in mechanical design, software engineering, artificial intelligence, civil engineering, computersupported cooperative work, and humanfactors and humancomputer interaction. Part 1 fundamentals rationale representation, capture and use. Design rationale dr, the reasons behind decisions made while. Since then, the software engineering community has experimented with several dr approaches such as issue based information systems ibis 11. Design evaluationthe design rationale is used to evaluate the various design alternatives discussed during the design process.
We focus this survey on prototype design rationale systems for these application domains, and put forward several major criteria with. Design rationale as it applies to software architecture has become an established area of software engineering research. A design rationale is an explicit documentation of the reasons behind decisions made when designing a system or artifact. A survey of architecture design rationale a joint research project by swinburne university of. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda.
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